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Surface roughness of various machining methods

2024-12-30

In the product design process, surface roughness is a crucial parameter that directly affects the appearance, performance, and service life of a product. Different production processes will determine the final surface roughness of the product. Here are some common production processes and their achievable surface roughness ranges along with their characteristics:

Surface roughness of various machining methods
Machining Method	Machining Method	Machining Method	Surface Roughness (Ra/μm)	Surface Roughness (Rz/μm)
Automatic gas cutting, band saw or circular saw cutting	Automatic gas cutting, band saw or circular saw cutting	Automatic gas cutting, band saw or circular saw cutting	>10~80	>40~320
Cutting	Turning	Turning	>10~80	>40~320
Cutting	Milling	Milling	>10~40	>40~160
Cutting	Grinding wheel	Grinding wheel	>1.25~5	>6.3~20
Turning outer circle	Rough turning	Rough turning	>5~20	>20~80
Turning outer circle	Semi-finish turning	Metal	>2.5~10	>10~40
Turning outer circle	Semi-finish turning	Non-metal	>1.25~5	>6.3~20
Turning outer circle	Finish turning	Metal	>0.63~5	>3.2~20
Turning outer circle	Finish turning	Non-metal	>0.32~2.5	>1.6~10
Turning outer circle	Fine turning	Metal	>0.16~1.25	>0.8~6.3
Turning outer circle	(or diamond turning)	Non-metal	>0.08~0.63	>0.4~3.2
Turning end face	Rough turning		>5~20	>20~80
Turning end face	Semi-finish turning	Metal	>2.5~10	>10~40
Turning end face	Semi-finish turning	Non-metal	>1.25~10	>6.3~20
Turning end face	Finish turning	Metal	>1.25~10	>6.3~40
Turning end face	Finish turning	Non-metal	>1.25~10	>6.3~40
Turning end face	Fine turning	Metal	>0.32~1.25	>1.6~6.3
Turning end face	Fine turning	Non-metal	>0.16~1.25	>0.8~6.3
Slotting	One pass	One pass	>10~20	>40~80
Slotting	Two passes	Two passes	>2.5~10	>10~40
High-speed turning	High-speed turning	High-speed turning	>0.16~1.25	>0.8~6.3
Drilling	≤f15mm	≤f15mm	>2.5~10	>10~40
Drilling	>f15mm	>f15mm	>5~40	>20~160
Boring	Rough (with skin)	Rough (with skin)	>5~20	>20~80
Boring	Finish	Finish	>1.25~10	>6.3~40
Counterboring (hole)	Counterboring (hole)	Counterboring (hole)	>1.25~5	>6.3~20
Guided counterboring plane	Guided counterboring plane	Guided counterboring plane	>2.5~10	>10~40
Boring	Rough boring		>5~20	>20~80
Boring	Semi-finish boring	Metal	>2.5~10	>10~40
Boring	Semi-finish boring	Non-metal	>1.25~10	>6.3~40
Boring	Finish boring	Metal	>0.63~5	>3.2~20
Boring	Finish boring	Non-metal	>0.32~2.5	>1.6~10
Boring	Fine boring	Metal	>0.16~1.25	>0.8~6.3
Boring	(or diamond boring)	Non-metal	>0.16~0.63	>0.8~3.2
High-speed boring	High-speed boring	High-speed boring	>0.16~1.25	>0.8~6.3
Cylindrical milling	Rough	Rough	>2.5~20	>10~80
Milling	Finish	Finish	>0.63~5	>3.2~20
	Fine	Fine	>0.32~1.25	>1.6~6.3
Reaming	Semi-fine reaming	Steel	>2.5~10	>10~40
Reaming	(first reaming)	Brass	>1.25~10	>6.3~40
Reaming	Fine reaming	Cast iron	>0.63~5	>3.2~20
Reaming	(second reaming)	Steel, light alloy	>0.63~2.5	>3.2~10
Reaming		Brass, bronze	>0.32~1.25	>1.6~6.3
Reaming	Fine reaming	Steel	>0.16~1.25	>0.8~6.3
Reaming	Fine reaming	Light alloy	>0.32~1.25	>1.6~6.3
Reaming	Fine reaming	Brass, bronze	>0.08~0.32	>0.4~1.6
End mill	Rough	Rough	>2.5~20	>10~80
Milling	Finish	Finish	>0.32~5	>1.6~20
	Fine	Fine	>0.16~1.25	>0.8~6.3
High-speed milling	Rough	Rough	>0.63~2.5	>3.2~10
High-speed milling	Finish	Finish	>0.16~0.63	>0.8~3.2
Planing	Rough	Rough	>5~20	>20~80
Planing	Finish	Finish	>1.25~5	>6.3~20
Planing	Fine (polishing)	Fine (polishing)	>0.16~1.25	>0.8~6.3
Planing	Groove surface	Groove surface	>2.5~10	>10~40
Slotting	Rough	Rough	>10~40	>40~160
Slotting	Finish	Finish	>1.25~10	>0.3~40
Pulling	Rough	Rough	>0.32~2.50	>1.6~10
Pulling	Finish	Finish	>0.08~0.32	>0.4~1.6
Pushing	Finish	Finish	>0.16~1.25	>0.8~6.3
Pushing	Fine	Fine	>0.02~0.63	>0.1~3.2
External cylindrical grinding	Semi-finish	Semi-finish	>0.63~10	>3.2~40
Internal cylindrical grinding	Finish	Finish	>0.16~1.25	>0.8~3.2
	Fine	Fine	>0.08~0.32	>0.4~1.6
	Precision trimmed grinding wheel grinding	Precision trimmed grinding wheel grinding	>0.02~0.08	>0.1~0.4
	Mirror grinding (external cylindrical grinding)	Mirror grinding (external cylindrical grinding)	<0.08	<0.4
Surface grinding	Finish	Finish	>0.32~1.25	>1.6~6.3
Surface grinding	Fine	Fine	>0.04~0.32	>0.2~1.6
Honing	Rough (first processing)	Rough (first processing)	>0.16~1.25	>0.8~6.3
Honing	Fine (fine)	Fine (fine)	>0.02~0.32	>0.1~1.6
Lapping	Rough	Rough	>0.16~0.63	>0.8~3.2
Lapping	Finish	Finish	>0.04~0.32	>0.2~1.6
Lapping	Fine (polishing)	Fine (polishing)	<0.08	<0.4
Superfinishing	Finish	Finish	>0.08~1.25	>0.4~6.3
Superfinishing	Fine	Fine	>0.04~0.16	>0.2~0.8
Superfinishing	Mirror surface (two processes)	Mirror surface (two processes)	<0.04	<0.2
Scraping	Rough	Rough	>0.63~5	>3.2~20
Scraping	Finish	Finish	>0.04~0.63	>0.2~3.2
Polishing	Finish	Finish	>0.08~1.25	>0.4~6.3
Polishing	Fine (mirror surface)	Fine (mirror surface)	>0.02~0.16	>0.1~0.4
Polishing	Sand belt polishing	Sand belt polishing	>0.08~0.32	>0.4~1.6
Polishing	Sandpaper polishing	Sandpaper polishing	>0.08~2.5	>0.4~10
Polishing	Electro-polishing	Electro-polishing	>0.01~2.5	>0.05~10
Thread machining	Cutting	Die, tap,	>0.63~5	>20~3.2
Thread machining	Cutting	Self-opening die head	>0.63~5	>20~3.2
Thread machining	Cutting	Lathe tool or comb	>0.63~10	>3.2~40
Thread machining	Cutting	>0.63~10	>3.2~40	Tool lathe, milling
Thread machining	Cutting	Grinding	>0.16~1.25	>0.8~6.3
Thread machining	Cutting	Lapping	>0.04~1.25	>0.2~6.3
Thread rolling	Thread rolling	Thread rolling	>0.63~2.5	>3.2~10
Key machining	Cutting	Rough rolling	>1.25~5	>6.3~20
	Cutting	Fine rolling	>0.63~2.5	>3.2~10
	Cutting	Fine inserting	>0.63~2.5	>3.2~10
	Cutting	Fine planing	>0.63~5	>3.2~20
	Cutting	Pulling	>1.25~5	>6.3~20
	Cutting	Shaving	>0.16~1.25	>0.8~6.3
	Cutting	Grinding	>0.08~1.25	>0.4~6.3
	Cutting	Research	>0.16~0.63	>0.8~3.2
	Rolling	Hot rolling	>0.32~1.25	>1.6~6.3
	Rolling	Cold rolling	>0.08~0.32	>0.4~1.6
Hydraulic processing	Hydraulic processing	Hydraulic processing	>0.04~0.63	>0.2~3.2
File work	File work	File work	>0.63~20	>3.2~80
Grinding wheel cleaning	Grinding wheel cleaning	Grinding wheel cleaning	>5~80	>20~320

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